Fig. 2: Effects of different factor combinations (maintaining in the dark (DD), low ambient temperature (18 °C), a combination of rapamycin, berberine, and fucoxanthin (3G), dietary restriction (DR)) on lifespan parameters in E(z)/w flies.

a, c, e Males and (b, d, f) females. a, b Survival curves. c, d Median and maximum lifespan. e f, Cox proportional hazards regression model with hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Dashed lines indicate a hazard ratio of 1, which corresponds to control conditions (12 h light: 12 h dark, 25 °C, no substances added, normal diet). Asterisks (*) indicate the level of statistical significance of differences (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001, log-rank test (a, b), Fisher’s exact test (c, d), Cox proportional hazards regression (e, f)); statistical significance of differences in maximum lifespan is based on the p values for the age of 90% mortality; ns not significant; n = 300 flies. Bonferroni correction was used in all multiple comparisons. All source data underlying the graphs and charts are presented in the Supplementary Data 1.