Fig. 1: Experimental design and coral sampling scheme.
a Coral sampling stations in Comau Fjord, Chile: six stations at 20 m water depth (A–F shallow, blue) and one station at 300 m water depth (E deep, yellow). The research station in Huinay is located between stations B and C (star). The CTD was deployed at 25 m water depth at the station X. b The experimental design includes vertical and horizontal reciprocal transplantation of novel (i.e. cross-transplanted) corals between the shallow stations A and F as well as between shallow (E shallow: Es) and deep (E deep: Ed), where colours indicate the station of origin. Corals collected at stations B, C and D were only returned to their respective native station. One subset of corals (experimental corals) was used repeatedly for calcification and respiration measurements over the entire experimental period (i.e. after 4, 8 and 11 months; number of individuals Ne: 8–10 biologically independent samples per station and sampling time point). A second subset of corals (tissue corals) was sampled for biomass analysis after, 8 and 11 months (Nt: 6–10 biologically independent samples per station and sampling time point; see Supplementary Methods and Results). The tissue corals were initially sampled for the same time points as experimental corals, but due to logistical problems could only be obtained for the time points and stations marked with an X.
