Fig. 3: Univariate and multivariate analyses determining GMV sex differences.
a Results from parametric statistics showing between-pipeline overlap at a cluster-level pFWE < 0.05 with initial cluster forming voxel level p < 0.001. The left panels of a display results for the male>female contrast. The right panels of a correspond to the female > male contrast. For a and d the pipelines are coded as: red = CAT, green = FSLVBM, blue = FSLANAT, light blue = sMRIPrep, additional colors visualize the overlap between the results, e.g., CAT ∩ FSLVBM = yellow, CAT ∩ FSLANAT = purple, FSLVBM ∩ FSLANAT = light blue, CAT ∩ FSLVBM ∩ FSLANAT = white and etc. b The variability of unthresholded statistical maps. The correlation values between whole-brain unthresholded statistical maps of four pipelines were computed respectively for sex differences. Only positive values are visualized for display purpose. c Decoding the functional properties of the identified brain regions of male > female (a, red = CAT, green = FSLVBM, blue = FSLANAT, no difference in sMRIPrep) using NeuroSynth. Only the top 20 functional terms are visualized. The font size reflects the size of the correlation. d Reliable brain patterns to distinguish sex differences via bootstrapping test (5000 permutations, pFDR < 0.05), and e cross-predicted accuracy of four pipelines in independent samples. The color from cold to warm indicates increasing classification accuracy (from 0.5 to 1).
