Fig. 1: Metabolites of the early iridoid pathway are derivatized by endogenous enzymes from N. benthamiana.

A common modification was the addition of pentose and hexose sugars e.g., Peak 1, hexosyl hydroxygeraniol [M + HCOOH-H], 3.84 min, m/z 377.1817; Peak 2, hexosyl hydroxycitronellal [M + HCOOH-H], 4.12 min, m/z 379.1974; Peak 3, trihexosyl geranic acid [M + HCOOH-H], 4.35 min, m/z 699.2703); Peak 4, pentosyl hexosyl geraniol [M + HCOOH-H], 5.32 min, m/z 493.2288; Peak 5, acetyl dihexosyl geraniol [M-H], 5.454 min, m/z 519.2445; DXS, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase; GPPS, geranyl diphosphate synthase; GES, geraniol synthase; G8H, geraniol 8-oxidase; GOR, 8-hydroxygeraniol oxidoreductase; ISY, iridoid synthase.