Fig. 2: Sequence analysis and expression profiles of PsFAR.

a Multiple alignments of FARs from P. solenopsis and other organisms. Bm: Bombyx mori, Os: Ostrinia scapulalis, Ye: Yponomeuta evonymellus, Am: Apis mellifera, Nl: Nilaparvata lugens, Dm: Drosophila melanogaster. Identical residues are shaded black, and conservative substitutions are shaded gray. The FAR contains a characteristic N-terminal Rossmann fold NAD(P) (+)-binding domain (black underline), a sterile alpha motif protein domain (gray underline), a cofactor binding motif (TGXXGF), and an active site motif (YXXXK) (black boxes). b Phylogenetic tree of FARs from different species. The tree was constructed using amino acid sequences with the neighbor-joining algorithm in MEGA. Differently colored sectors of the circles represent three main branches of insects (blue), mammals (red), and plants (green). The protein sequence of PsFAR, marked by a blue circle, clusters with insect FARs. Branches marked with gray circles indicate a confidence value larger than 0.50. Detailed information on the species used here can be found in Supplementary Data 3. c Developmental (left) and tissue-specific (right) expression profiles of PsFAR in P. solenopsis. The relative expression level was normalized and visualized as mean ± SEM with four biological replicates. Different lower-case letters indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05) based on ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test.