Fig. 3: Phosphatidic acid synthesis by synthesizing acetyl-CoA or/and malonyl-CoA.

a An SDS-PAGE image of the purified acetyl-CoA carboxylase DA (AccDA), acetyl-CoA carboxylase BC (AccBC), and acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS). The positions of molecular size are described on the left side of the gel image. The purified enzymes were introduced into the cell-free system synthesizing acyltransferases and fatty acids. b Phosphatidic acid synthesis through the synthesis of acetyl-CoA by ACS. The reaction was initiated by the addition of CoA and various concentrations of malonyl-CoA. c Phosphatidic acid synthesis through the synthesis of malonyl-CoA by AccABCD. The reaction was initiated by the addition of various concentrations of acetyl-Co, which was converted to malonyl-CoA or directly consumed as the substrate of FA. d Phosphatidic acid synthesis through the synthesis of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA by the addition of ACS and AccABCD. The reactions were initiated by the addition of various concentrations of CoA. Each dot on the graphs represents individual experimental data. Error bars indicate the standard deviation of at least triplicate measurements. FA fatty acid, PA phosphatidic acid, Ace-CoA acetyl-CoA, Mal-CoA malonyl-CoA.