Fig. 6: Pharmacological activation of β-arrestin biased signaling improved SRM consolidation in aged mice.

a Experimental scheme. SRM task was carried out in aged mice (>18 months old). b Statistical graphs of exploration time and discrimination scores [Young adult, n = 12; Aged, n = 11. Left: F mouse × age (1, 21) = 9.816, p = 0.005, two-way RM ANOVA; Right: Z = 33.000, p = 0.045, Mann–Whitney U-test]. c Representative image of rM3Darr-mCherry expression in the mPFC. AAV9-hSyn-DIO-rM3Darr-mCherry and AAV9-CAG-Cre were injected into the mPFC of aged mice (>18 months old). d Statistical graphs of exploration time for the familiar (F) and novel (N) mice and discrimination scores [Saline, n = 11; CNO, n = 12. Left: F mouse × treatment (1, 21) = 4.979, p = 0.037, two-way RM ANOVA, Right: t (21) = −2.95, p = 0.008, two-tailed Student’s t test]. e Working model illustrating that LC-mPFC NE projections regulate memory consolidation of social recognition through β-arrestin2-biased signaling. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 vs indicated group. Scale bar: 100 μm.