Fig. 1: Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114 rescues motor defects and neurodegeneration.

Transgenics were monitored from the adult stage, scored daily for paralysis and fed with control OP50 or HA-114. a Mutant FUS worms fed with HA-114 showed less paralysis compared to transgenics expressing mutant FUS fed with OP50. b Transgenics expressing mutant TDP-43 fed with probiotics showed a lower rate of progressive paralysis than transgenics expressing mutant TDP-43 fed with OP50. c Image of a whole FUS^S57Δ worm expressing GFP in the GABAergic motor neurons. mFUS transgenics display gaps along neuronal processes (arrows). Scale bar = 100 μm. d Mutant FUS worms fed with HA-114 have a similar rate of neurodegeneration compared to transgenic GFP controls at day 9. e Mutant TDP-43 transgenics fed with probiotics had a lower rate of neurodegeneration at day 9 compared to mutant TDP-43 transgenics fed with OP50. f HA-114 rescued aged-dependent paralysis phenotype in transgenics expressing Q40 and in Q67 (G) animals. For paralysis assays (a, b, f, g), curves were generated and compared using the log-rank (Mantel–Cox) test. a: FUS^WT on OP50 n = 196; FUS^S57Δ on OP50 n = 407; FUS^WT on HA-114 n = 222; FUS^S57Δ on HA-114 n = 235. b: TDP-43^WT on OP50 n = 238; TDP-43^A315T on OP50 n = 526; TDP-43^WT on HA-114 n = 217; TDP-43^A315T on HA-114 n = 437. f: 40Q on OP50 n = 110; 40Q on HA-114 n = 90. g: 67Q on OP50 n = 90; 67Q on HA-114 n = 90. For neurodegeneration assays (d, e), one-way ANOVA were performed. For each conditions, n = 4 (25 worms per n). Data are presented as mean ± SEM.