Fig. 2: Elucidating the synthetic pathway of VCL-PUFAs in Schizochytrium sp.

a Schematic diagram of the aerobic pathways for VCL-PUFAs biosynthesis. The native EL/DE gene in Schizochytrium sp. is indicated with gray solid frame, and the four addition schemes are marked with colored dotted lines. MA myristic acid, PA palmitic acid, STA stearidonic acid, LA linoleic acid, ALA α-linolenic acid, EDA eicosadienoic acid, GLA γ-linolenic acid, STA stearidonic acid, ETrA eicosatrienoic acid, ETA eicosatetraenoic acid, DGLA dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, DTA docosatetraenoic acid. b, c EPA ratio (b) and DHA ratio (c) with different addition schemes in Schizochytrium sp. d Comparison of ELO/DES genes transcript level between 28 °C and 15 °C of Schizochytrium sp. (24 h). Letters above the bars indicate significant difference (p ≤ 0.05), based on one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test. e Comparison of DHA/n-6DPA ratio between the two temperatures. The statistical significances of the final results were analyzed by t-test, ∗p < 0.05.