Fig. 3: Mitochondrial damage activates the AMPKα-PGC1α biogenesis axis in hRGCs.

Mitochondrial biogenesis gene expressions in a H7-hRGC^WT, b H7-hRGC^E50K, c iPSC-hRGC^E50K-corr, and d iPSC-hRGC^E50K after 24 h CCCP (10 μM) treatment. ΔΔCt fold changes were measured relative to GAPDH, and then DMSO. n = 3, 3 technical repeats averaged for each biological repeat. e Representative western blot images of H7-hRGCs treated with 10 μM CCCP for the indicated timepoints. f–i For each protein, band intensities were quantified and first normalized to corresponding actin loading control, then to its DMSO values, f, g ratio between p-AMPKα^Thr172 to AMPKα, and h, i ratio between p-PGC1α^Ser571 to PGC1α. n = 3. Unpaired student’s t-test between DMSO and the individual CCCP timepoints. ٭p-value < 0.05, ٭٭p-value < 0.01, ٭٭٭p-value < 0.001. Error bars are SEM.