Fig. 3: In planta analyses of stereoisomers in Arabidopsis thaliana.

a, b Growth inhibition assay using ligand-treated 4-week-old A. thaliana. a Representative images of the 2- (50 µM) and 2e-treated (50 µM) plants. Similar results were obtained in three independent experiments (Supplementary Fig. 12). Scale bar: 1.0 cm. b Quantification of fresh weight of aerial part of the ligand-treated plants (n = 8). Significant differences were evaluated by one-way ANOVA/Tukey HSD post hoc test (p < 0.05). Values are mean ± SE. c–e Fungal infection assay using c, d 4-week-old Col-0 and e 4-week-old jaz9-1. Plants were treated with mock solution, 2 or 2e (50 μM) and infected with A. brassicicola (n = 7). c Representative images of leaves infected with A. brassicicola are shown in (d) and (e). Quantification of fungal spores was undertaken 5 days after inoculation; the results are depicted using box plots; horizontal lines are medians, boxes show the interquartile range, and error bars show the entire data range. Significant differences were evaluated by one-way ANOVA/Tukey HSD post hoc test (p < 0.05). Experiments were repeated three times with similar results. Values are mean ± SE. f Gene expression analysis in 4-week-old A. thaliana with or without compound treatment (50 µM, n = 4) without pathogen inoculation. Each sample was flash-frozen after 8 h from definitive treatment. Similar results were obtained in three independent experiments. Significant differences were evaluated by one-way ANOVA/Tukey HSD post hoc test (p < 0.05). Values are mean ± SE.