Fig. 6: Biological analysis of diphegaractin in grapes, lettuce, and citrus.

a, b Effect of diphegaractin on length of bunches of grapes. Grape spikes were treated with GA₃ or diphegaractin. After 74 days, the bunch length was measured. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation and individual data points from six independent experiments. Scale bar = 5 cm. c Effect of diphegaractin on sugar concentration of grape berries. Grape spikes were treated with GA₃ or diphegaractin. After 74 days, the sugar concentration of grape berries was measured. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation and individual data points from six independent experiments. d Effect of diphegaractin on root length of lettuce. Lettuce seeds were sown on 1/2 MS agar plates supplemented with GA₃ or diphegaractin. The primary root length was measured at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days after sowing. Data are shown as mean and individual data points from six independent experiments. Scale bar = 1 cm. e Effect of diphegaractin on colour of citrus peel. The fruits of satsuma mandarin treated with GA₃ or diphegaractin. After 34 days, the colour of the fruit peels was measured. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation and individual data points from 14 or more independent experiments. Scale bar = 1 cm. f Effect of diphegaractin on peel-puffing. The fruits of satsuma mandarin treated with GA₃ or diphegaractin. After 71 days, the distance between the peel and segment was measured. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation and individual data points from six or more independent experiments. Scale bar = 1 cm. Asterisk indicates significant differences from control (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001, Student’s t test).