Fig. 2: Physico-chemical characterization, cryo-TEM analysis, and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) of HEK293 and Huh7 nPMVs and native EVs. Comparison of production rates and yields of the nPMV and native EV preparation protocols.
Hydrodynamic diameter (DH) (a), polydispersity index (PDI) (b), and ζ potential (c) of HEK293 and Huh7 nPMVs and native EVs. Values are means ± SD, squares: data points, n = 3 measurements. d Representative cryo-TEM images of HEK293 and Huh7 nPMVs and native EVs including their diameter. Scale bar: 50 nm. Values are means ± SD, n ≥ 15 vesicles. e Nanoparticle (NP) concentration as function of the DH size distribution of HEK293 nPMVs (green), HEK293 native EVs (orange), Huh7 nPMVs (blue), and Huh7 native EVs (pink) measured by NTA. Values are means ± SD, n = 3 measurements. f Production rate (particles/cell/hour) of HEK293 and Huh7 nPMVs and native EVs produced by the nPMV or the native EV preparation protocol. g Theoretical total particle yield of the nPMV or native EV preparation protocol obtained from 106 donor cells in 6 or 48 h, respectively. This results in a 27-fold improvement in particle yield and fourfold reduction in production time. Values are means ± SD, squares: data points, n = 3 measurements. Levels of significance: *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001.
