Fig. 1: Estimates for the proportion of variance among the random effects in our model examining variation in circadian cortisol responses in wild chimpanzees.

a Proportion of variation explained by between-group versus within-group factors. b Proportion of the within-group variation explained by different factors. For both plots, the posterior distribution of the proportion of explained variance is shown as violin plots, with interquartile ranges represented by boxplots. The horizontal dashed line marks a proportion of within-group variance of 1%.