Fig. 9: Carnosic acid effects are resilient to mutation of previously studied S3 and S5 residues that influence other KCNQ openers.

a Mean traces for wild-type and mutant KCNQ3* channels as indicated in the absence (Control) and presence of carnosic acid (100 µM), n = 4 for L198F, 5 for others. b Mean normalized tail current (G/Gmax) versus voltage for traces as in (a), n = 4 for L198F, 5 for others. c Mean ΔV0.5act versus [carnosic acid] for KCNQ3* mutants as indicated; n = 4 for L198F, 5 for others; wild-type KCNQ3* data from Fig. 4 for comparison. d Mean ΔV0.5act for wild-type and mutant KCNQ3* channels; n = 4 for L198F, 5–10 per group for others; NF nonfunctional. Error bars indicate SEM. n indicates number of biologically independent oocytes. Statistical comparisons by one-way ANOVA. Voltage protocol as in Fig. 8.