Table 2 . Enhancing and non-enhancing tumour metabolites.

From: Blood-brain barrier disruption defines the extracellular metabolome of live human high-grade gliomas

 

E/B

E/NE

NE/B

Metabolite

Mean FC

P-value

Mean FC

P-value

Mean FC

P-value

Guanidinoacetate (GAA)

126.32

0.0039

9.76

0.2188

13.63

0.0469

proline

10.18

0.0039

4.46

0.0313

2.09

0.1094

deoxycarnitine

8.71

0.0039

4.55

0.0156

1.94

0.3750

carnitine

7.65

0.0039

3.32

0.0313

2.18

0.0781

acetylcarnitine (C2)

7.47

0.0039

2.76

0.1094

2.97

0.0469

N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2-PY)

7.18

0.0391

3.20

0.0156

1.28

0.6875

N6-methyllysine

7.17

0.0039

4.67

0.0313

1.16

0.2969

methionine

7.09

0.0039

2.94

0.0156

2.41

0.0781

dimethylglycine

6.90

0.0039

3.75

0.0156

1.51

0.4688

asparagine

6.84

0.0039

3.64

0.0156

1.55

0.3750

propionylcarnitine (C3)

6.78

0.0078

3.77

0.0469

1.84

0.1094

alanine

6.54

0.0039

3.11

0.0156

1.96

0.0781

valine

6.01

0.0039

3.24

0.0156

1.70

0.1563

tyrosine

5.66

0.0039

3.14

0.0313

1.62

0.2969

glycine

5.66

0.0078

2.43

0.2188

2.18

0.1094

imidazole lactate

5.57

0.0039

3.78

0.0156

1.09

0.5781

urate

5.05

0.0039

2.63

0.0156

1.60

0.0781

lysine

4.54

0.0039

2.68

0.0156

1.41

0.2969

allantoin

4.52

0.0039

3.96

0.0313

0.90

0.5781

histidine

4.49

0.0039

2.30

0.0313

1.73

0.0156

phenylalanine

4.48

0.0039

2.59

0.0156

1.52

0.0781

trigonelline (N′-methylnicotinate)

4.40

0.0078

1.75

0.1563

2.57

0.2969

3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA)

4.40

0.0039

2.22

0.0313

1.77

0.0313

3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate

4.34

0.0039

3.86

0.0781

0.80

0.5781

hydroxyproline

4.22

0.0039

2.11

0.0313

1.48

0.2188

threonine

4.20

0.0039

2.27

0.0313

1.58

0.1563

leucine

4.12

0.0039

2.43

0.0156

1.54

0.0781

tryptophan

3.96

0.0039

2.33

0.0313

1.40

0.2969

N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide (4-PY)

3.88

0.0742

2.16

0.0156

1.27

0.5781

N,N,N-trimethyl-5-aminovalerate

3.88

0.0039

2.17

0.0781

1.74

0.0781

isoleucine

3.76

0.0039

2.29

0.0156

1.52

0.0781

guanine

3.73

0.0078

1.24

0.5781

2.62

0.0469

N,N,N-trimethyl-alanylproline betaine (TMAP)

3.50

0.0039

1.59

0.1094

1.58

0.2969

p-cresol sulfate

3.36

0.0039

2.03

0.2969

1.44

0.2188

Glutamine degradant

3.24

0.0078

1.88

0.0156

1.61

0.0781

arginine

3.16

0.0039

2.17

0.0156

1.25

0.6875

Lactate*

3.12

0.0313

1.34

0.0625

2.32

0.0625

ornithine

3.07

0.0039

2.36

0.0313

1.13

1.0000

taurine

2.99

0.0117

1.76

0.1094

2.08

0.0156

thioproline

2.97

0.0078

1.31

0.0781

2.50

0.0781

gamma-glutamylglutamine

2.93

0.0117

1.45

0.0469

2.03

0.0313

serine

2.80

0.0039

2.12

0.0469

1.12

0.9375

N6,N6,N6-trimethyllysine

2.62

0.0195

1.80

0.0781

1.27

0.2188

glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC)

2.60

0.0742

0.87

1.0000

4.32

0.0156

phenol sulfate

2.59

0.0078

2.08

0.0781

1.09

0.2188

N-acetylputrescine

2.44

0.0273

1.30

0.8125

1.75

0.4688

ergothioneine

2.41

0.0391

0.60

0.3750

3.26

0.0156

3-hydroxyisobutyrate

2.27

0.0391

1.51

0.3750

1.15

0.3750

stachydrine

2.24

0.0078

1.45

0.2188

1.39

0.0781

1-methyl-5-imidazolelactate

2.13

0.1073

0.56

0.8125

4.27

0.0156

7-methylguanine

2.10

0.0195

1.53

0.3750

1.40

0.2945

N-acetylglycine

2.05

0.0039

1.71

0.1563

1.10

0.2188

glycerophosphoglycerol

2.04

0.2340

0.45

0.4688

5.21

0.0156

malate

1.87

0.1641

0.70

0.9375

2.99

0.0156

phosphoethanolamine (PE)

1.56

0.6523

0.49

0.5781

4.83

0.0156

creatine

1.05

0.5703

0.55

0.2188

2.25

0.0313

glycerol-3-phosphate

1.02

0.5703

0.40

0.3750

3.25

0.0313

phosphate

0.87

1.0000

0.33

0.0313

2.91

0.0469

glycerophosphoethanolamine

0.82

0.8203

0.43

0.1563

2.83

0.0156

inosine

0.64

0.4258

0.48

0.0156

1.60

0.1563

myo-inositol

0.51

0.4258

0.46

0.0469

1.13

0.5781

orotate

0.47

0.1641

0.39

0.0313

0.98

0.8125

N-formylmethionine

0.42

0.1289

0.36

0.0469

1.13

0.6875

aspartate

0.40

0.0195

0.43

0.2188

1.06

0.6875

lyxonate

0.39

0.0078

0.47

0.0781

0.86

0.9375

N-acetylasparagine

0.37

0.0039

0.37

0.0469

0.86

0.6875

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate

0.37

0.0391

0.29

0.0781

1.55

0.1563

N-acetylglutamine

0.34

0.0078

0.34

0.0156

0.99

0.6875

N-acetylthreonine

0.34

0.0078

0.34

0.0469

0.93

1.0000

N-acetyl-beta-alanine

0.30

0.0391

0.45

0.1422

0.73

0.6875

N-acetylalanine

0.30

0.0391

0.25

0.0156

0.96

0.9375

2-methylcitrate/homocitrate

0.29

0.0039

0.27

0.0156

0.94

0.6875

N-acetylneuraminate

0.25

0.0039

0.32

0.0781

0.75

0.9375

fructose

0.25

0.0039

0.40

0.0469

0.56

0.4688

N1-methylinosine

0.23

0.0078

0.20

0.0313

1.09

0.2969

N-acetylserine

0.21

0.0039

0.23

0.0313

0.87

0.6875

Erythronate

0.18

0.0039

0.21

0.0156

0.83

1.0000

N-acetylaspartate (NAA)

0.17

0.0039

0.16

0.0156

1.18

0.5781

N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG)

0.16

0.0078

0.19

0.1563

0.73

0.6875

4-acetamidobutanoate

0.15

0.0273

0.28

0.1563

0.96

0.9375

2,3-dihydroxy-5-methylthio-4-pentenoate (DMTPA)

0.15

0.0039

0.24

0.0156

0.55

0.0781

2-O-methylascorbic acid (2-O-MA)

0.14

0.0039

0.15

0.0156

0.83

0.8125

ribonate

0.11

0.0039

0.13

0.0156

0.82

0.9375

arabonate/xylonate

0.08

0.0039

0.14

0.0156

0.70

0.4688

arabitol/xylitol

0.04

0.0039

0.08

0.0156

0.57

0.3750

  1. Significantly altered metabolites across enhancing or non-enhancing tumour and brain microenvironments in paired patient specimens based on Wilcoxon rank-sum test for non-parametric distributions (n = 9 for E/B and n = 7 for E/NE or NE/B; means of fold-changes (FC)), from Fig. 4. *bold = p < 0.05. See Supplemental Data, Fig. 4 tab for all metabolites’ fold-changes and p-values.
  2. aFold-change and p-value for lactate are based on n = 7 cases, rather than n = 9, as the perfusate solution contained lactate in 2 cases.
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