Table 1 Positive finding of summary-level MR analysis of genetically predicted serum IL levels using cis-pQTL and cis-eQTL instruments with CKDGen data (IL-1ra).

From: Mendelian randomization uncovers a protective effect of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist on kidney function

Interleukin

aOutcome

MR-Egger intercept P

MR methods

eGFR change beta (%)

Standard error (%)

P value

IL-1ra

1) Creatinine-based log-eGFR values (CKDGen + UKB)

0.16

MR-IVW

0.28

0.11

0.009

MR-Egger

0.36

0.12

0.003

Weighted median

0.32

0.11

0.004

2) Creatinine-based log-eGFR values (CKDGen)

0.53

MR-IVW

0.32

0.09

3E-04

MR-Egger

0.25

0.14

0.04

Weighted median

0.36

0.13

0.005

3) Cystatin-C-based log-eGFR values (CKDGen + UKB)

0.16

MR-IVW

0.35

0.17

0.039

MR-Egger

0.73

0.21

0.001

Weighted median

0.52

0.18

0.003

4) Degree of annual eGFR decline (CKDGen + UKB)

0.29

MR-IVW

−2.18

1.09

0.043

MR-Egger

−2.42

1.71

0.078

Weighted median

−2.85

1.48

0.049

  1. MR Mendelian randomization, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, MR-IVW multiplicative random-effects inverse-variance weighted.
  2. Both cis-pQTL and cis-eQTL instruments were included as genetic instruments of genetically predicted serum IL-1ra level.
  3. aFour summary statistics for kidney function traits were used for MR analyses: (from the first row) (1) creatinine-based log-eGFR values of the CKDGen and the UKB data20, (2) creatinine-based log-eGFR values from the phase 4 CKDGen study21, (3) cystatin-C-based log-eGFR values from the CKDGen and UKB20, and (4) degree of annual eGFR decline, including CKDGen and UKB19.
  4. All effect sizes were aligned and scaled towards genetically predicted standard deviation increase in serum IL concentration for % change in eGFR.
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