Fig. 1: Knock-out of Pparα enhances the Th17 development from naïve CD4 + T cells.

a Differential transcript levels of PPAR subtypes in different Th subsets. Ppara (left) Pparg (middle) Pparδ (right) expression after 24 h of skewing of naïve CD4 + T cells (CD4⁺ CD25^- CD62L^hi) under Th0, Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg polarizing conditions. b Representative flow-plots of IFN-γ, IL-13, IL-17A, and Foxp3 expression in naïve CD4⁺ T cells isolated from wild-type (WT) and Ppara knock-out (KO) mice polarized for 72 h. Naïve CD4⁺ T cells from each group were cultured under different polarizing conditions as described in the method section. c Representative flow plots of IL-17A and Foxp3 of CD4⁺ T cells after 72 h of Th17 polarization under varying concentrations of gemfibrozil (top) and fenofibrate (bottom). d Il17a (left) and Il17f (right) transcript levels after 72 h of Th17 polarization of WT and Pparα KO CD4⁺ T cells. e CD4⁺ T cells from WT and Pparα KO mice were cultured under Th17 polarizing conditions for 24 h along with varying concentrations of gemfibrozil (left) and fenofibrate (right), and Il17a transcript levels were assessed by qRT-PCR. Results are shown as the means ± SEM representative of five independent experiments. Unpaired student t-test were used for statistical analysis representing *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001.