Fig. 2: Left ventricular hypoplasia after atrioventricular flow obstruction in fetal lambs (0.84 gestation). | Communications Biology

Fig. 2: Left ventricular hypoplasia after atrioventricular flow obstruction in fetal lambs (0.84 gestation).

From: Decreased left heart flow in fetal lambs causes left heart hypoplasia and pro-fibrotic tissue remodeling

Fig. 2: Left ventricular hypoplasia after atrioventricular flow obstruction in fetal lambs (0.84 gestation).

Echocardiographic four chamber view of a control (a) and a hypoplastic left ventricle (b). c Retrograde flow in the ascending aorta. d–g Exposed hearts after a sternotomy. d Control with the left ventricle forming the apex; e Intermediate left heart hypoplasia with both ventricles forming the apex; f Severe left heart hypoplasia with the right ventricle forming the apex; g Intermediate left heart hypoplasia, with hypoplastic AAo. h Left atrium from above, with tissue growing into and covering the coils, creating left ventricular inflow obstruction in our model of mitral stenosis. i Severely hypoplastic left ventricle, left ventricular free wall opened. AAo ascending aorta, LV left ventricle, PA pulmonary artery, RV right ventricle.

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