Table 1 Cardiovascular measurements (mean ± standard deviation) in fetal lambs, at 0.84 gestation.

From: Decreased left heart flow in fetal lambs causes left heart hypoplasia and pro-fibrotic tissue remodeling

 

Controls (n = 12)

Retrograde AAo flow (n = 9)

p value

Aortic / pulmonary valve diametera

0.87 ± 0.12

0.54 ± 0.11

0.00015

AAo / PA diametera

0.83 ± 0.14

0.58 ± 0.07

0.00036

LV / RV end-diastolic diametera

1.07 ± 0.09

0.49 ± 0.16

0.00002

LV / RV end-diastolic lengtha

1.16 ± 0.09

0.82 ± 0.21

0.00041

LV free wall / total heart weightb

0.23 ± 0.04

0.14 ± 0.01

0.008

  1. Due to fetal size variations, left heart echocardiographic measurements were normalized to the corresponding right heart structures. The weight of the LV free wall was normalized to the total heart weight. Mitral valve diameter could not be measured due to ultrasound scatter from the coils. Sample size: n = 12 biologically independent controls, n = 9 biologically independent coiled lambs.
  2. AAo ascending aorta, LV left ventricle, PA pulmonary artery, RV right ventricle.
  3. aEchocardiographic measurements.
  4. bAutopsy measurements.
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