Fig. 5: Freezing profiles in four strains of Limnomonas gaiensis to investigate the nature of ice nucleation active compounds and the temperature spectra at which this reaction occurs.

The four investigated strains of Limnomonas gaiensis, R86-45 (a), R86-47 (b), VR66-07 (c), and VR66-10 (d) exposed to a decreasing gradient of −1 °C from −4 to −21 °C. The total fraction is indicated in green. Treatments included either protein denaturation by heat (non-proteinaceous, orange), molecule size selection by filtration on 0.22 µm pore membrane (soluble, blue), or a combination of both treatments (soluble non-proteinaceous, purple). The number of replicates was of 32 droplets of 20 µL of either microalgae (strain), MWC (negative control, black) or Pseudomonas syringae active >-4 °C (positive control, gray). The error bars show the 95% confidence interval. Each data point is the synthesis of a total of 52 to 64 replicates per strain and treatment, and of 116 replicates per control.