Table 3 Biomarker levels across validation cohorts and in regression models.

From: Human liver single nuclear RNA sequencing implicates BMPR2, GDF15, arginine, and estrogen in portopulmonary hypertension

Initial discovery cohort—biomarker levels between groups

Biomarker (pg/ml)

PoPH (N = 80)

Non-PoPH cirrhosis (N = 50)

IPAH (N = 40)

p-value

Median (IQR)

Median (IQR)

Median (IQR)

Plasma FLT1

310 (223–425)

153 (133–198)

300 (208–391)

<0.001

Serum NTproBNP

163 (128–249)

226 (135–295)

172 (118–250)

0.898

Plasma BMP9

9.3 (4.3–17.6)

23.2 (10.7–33.1)

29.6 (16.2–45.2)

<0.001

Second validation cohort—biomarker levels between groups

  Biomarker (pg/ml)

PoPH (N = 25)

Non-PoPH cirrhosis (N = 75)

p-value

  Plasma FLT1

192 (130–513)

175 (93–501)

0.519

  Serum NTproBNP

74 (60–107)

85 (59–165)

0.302

Initial discovery cohort—logistic regression models

  Models with PoPH and Non-PoPH cirrhosis

Odds ratio

95% CI

p-value

  Univariable Plasma FLT1

12.04

4.31–41.18

<0.001

  Univariable Plasma BMP9

0.33

0.17–0.56

<0.001

  Univariable Serum NTproBNP

1.38

0.95–2.11

0.101

  Multivariable Plasma FLT1

11.91

3.86–47.28

<0.001

  Multivariable Plasma BMP9

0.34

0.16–0.61

0.001

Second validation cohort—logistic regression models

  Models with PoPH and Non-PoPH cirrhosis

Odds ratio

95% CI

p-value

  Univariable Plasma FLT1

1.10

0.77–1.57

0.599

  Univariable Serum NTproBNP

0.57

0.21–1.30

0.212

Initial discovery cohort—logistic regression models including IPAH subjects

  Model with PoPH, Non-PoPH cirrhosis, and IPAH

Odds ratio

95% CI

p-value

  Univariable Plasma BMP9

0.32

0.20–0.48

<0.001

  Multivariable Plasma BMP9

0.32

0.20–0.50

<0.001

  1. p-value obtained by Kruskal–Wallis test on log-transformed biomarker levels for comparisons between three groups (PoPH, non-PoPH Cirrhosis, IPAH), and by Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test on log-transformed biomarker levels for comparisons between two groups (PoPH, non-PoPH cirrhosis). Multivariable regression models are additionally adjusted for clinical covariates (age, sex, race, BMI).
  2. PoPH portopulmonary hypertension, FLT1 FMS related receptor tyrosine kinase 1, BMP9 bone morphogenic protein type 9, NTproBNP N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide.
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