Fig. 1: Activation of TNFR2 and biparatopic antibodies (BpAbs). | Communications Biology

Fig. 1: Activation of TNFR2 and biparatopic antibodies (BpAbs).

From: Development of a 1:1-binding biparatopic anti-TNFR2 antagonist by reducing signaling activity through epitope selection

Fig. 1

a TNFR2 trimer is formed by interacting with TNFα (PDB entry: 3ALQ). b Trimer formation induces TNFR2 cluster formation, activating NF-κB signaling pathways. c Conventional antibodies, including antagonists, bind two TNFR2 molecules and may activate low levels of signaling. d Conventional IgG antibody binds the antigen in a 1:2 manner, whereas BpAbs, including the crosslinking type of BpAbs (BpAb1-2) and 1:1-binding BpAbs (BpAb1-3), involves a different topology of antibody-antigen complexes compared to conventional IgGs.

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