Fig. 5: Levels of positive selection are highest in small plunge-diving species living on islands.
From: Genomic signatures of convergent shifts to plunge-diving behavior in birds
a Number of positively selected genes (PSGs) versus body size (see legend for point color descriptions). Lines show phylogenetic generalized least squares results of a strongly negative relationship between the number of PSGs and body mass in island kingfishers (solid line) compared to plunge-divers (dashed line; mass-by-insularity interaction, p = 0.04) and background (i.e., non-plunge-diving species; dotted line). Note: lines are derived from a PGLS model with moderate phylogenetic signal (λ = 0.55), thus slopes are shallower than would be expected under an ordinary least squares model without accounting for phylogeny. See Table 2 for statistical details. b Overlap in the number of PSGs between pairs of species in the focal (i.e., convergent) and background groups. Points are species pairs and vertical lines are average values. Groups sharing the same letter are not significantly different (i.e., p > 0.05).
