Fig. 6: Omega-3 PUFAs affect insulin and inflammatory signaling and senescence in HSCs of obese mice.

a Densitometry evaluation of western blot images representing the results of insulin stimulation (100 nM, 15 min) of p-S473-AKT/total AKT in primary HSCs from the ND, HFD and HFD + F groups (n = 4–5 per group) and (b) representative western blot images; (c) Densitometry evaluation of western blot images representing the results of insulin stimulation (100 nM, 15 min) of p-T308-AKT/total AKT in primary HSCs from the ND, HFD and HFD + F groups (n = 4–5 per group) and (d) representative western blot images. e Densitometry evaluation of western blot images representing the results of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation (1 µg/ml, 15 min) of p-NFκB/totalNFκB in primary HSCs from the ND, HFD and HFD + F groups (n = 3–5 per group) and (f) representative western blot images. Data are presented as mean densitometry ± SEM, t test, *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001 significant difference between –INS vs. +INS, one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparison test, †: ND vs. other +INS groups with p ≤ 0.05, #: HFD vs. other +INS groups with p ≤ 0.05. g Gene expression of bone resorption genes (Trap, Rankl, Opg, Ctsk) in primary HSCs (n = 3 per group from pooled samples, one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Data are presented as mean fold change (F.C.) of gene expression normalized to HSCs from ND ± SEM (groups coding: white column-ND, black line shading-HFD, yellow column-HFD + F).