Fig. 1: Anatomical position of the navicular (orange) in the medial column of the foot (top). | Communications Biology

Fig. 1: Anatomical position of the navicular (orange) in the medial column of the foot (top).

From: Morphological and evolutionary insights into the keystone element of the human foot’s medial longitudinal arch

Fig. 1: Anatomical position of the navicular (orange) in the medial column of the foot (top).The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Along the bottom, renderings of an archaeological H. sapiens navicular (from the Frassetto identified human skeletal collection – University of Bologna) are illustrated in proximal (bottom left) and distal (bottom right) views. Placement of landmark and semi-landmark configurations are shown: five fixed landmarks (black), 46 curved semi-landmarks (light blue) describing corresponding articular surface contours, and 34 surface semi-landmarks (orange) on articular surfaces and the navicular tuberosity.

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