Fig. 6: Genetic characterization of differentiated CD4⁺cardiac fibroblast cells.

Primary hVCFs from 3 human donors (males and female) were differentiated for 10 days in T-cell media with or without IL-1 β (10 ng/mL) and flow-sorted into CD4⁺ and CD4⁻ populations, followed by next-generation RNA sequencing using the Illumina platform. a Box plot of shifts in CD4⁺ human cardiac fibroblast population in response to IL-1 β. b Heatmaps showing the expression pattern of genes uniquely identified in Veh CD4⁺, Veh CD4⁻, IL-1 β CD4⁺ and IL-1β CD4⁻ populations. c Volcano plot showing the number of significantly upregulated and downregulated genes for each of the comparisons. False discovery rate (FDR) (adjusted P-value < 0.01). d Venn diagram showing the number of common genes among the Veh and IL-1β among the unique genes identified for all the populations. e Summary of gene ontology hits using a database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery (DAVID) online platform showing the enrichment of genes involved in secretion, pluripotency, development, metabolism and T-cell activation and differentiation. Benjamini–Hochberg score of false discovery rate. f Validation of expression of stemness markers (Lin28A, Nanog, POU5F1, SOX2, SSEA4) in Veh and IL-1β treated cardiac fibroblasts.