Fig. 3: A ketogenic diet reduces markers of acute inflammation in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
From: A ketogenic diet can mitigate SARS-CoV-2 induced systemic reprogramming and inflammation
a Fold change of serum cytokines showing significant concentration changes during infection under KD vs CD regimen (n = 8/group biologically independent samples, * for p < 0.05 and fold change > |1 | ); (b) serum concentration (pg/mL) of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) in CD- and KD-SARS-CoV-2 infected and mock mice; (c) Hematoxylin-Eosin staining of heart, liver, kidney, and lung in CD864 and KD-SARS-CoV-2 mice (n = 6/group biologically independent samples); (d) untargeted RP-LC analysis of serum showing up-regulation of retinoic acid and inflammatory lipid mediators (eicosanoids) in CD-SARS-CoV-2 infected mice, and corresponding decrease under KD regimen (n = 5/group biologically independent samples, significance p < 0.05, fold change > |2 | , # indicates p > 0.05); (e) kynurenine/tryptophane ratio metabolic marker of acute inflammation in serum (right) (* for p 0.05, n = 5/group biologically independent samples), and SARS-CoV-2 induced upregulation of IDO2 (indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase) in hearth (* for p 0.05 ang log2FC for gene expression > |1 | , n = 3/group biologically independent samples).
