Fig. 3: Expression of C16:0-acyl-CoA-specific FAEs and C18:0-acyl-CoA-specific fatty acid desaturases to improve nervonic acid production.

A Expression of genes encoding C16:0-acyl-CoA-specific FAEs. B Expression of genes encoding C18:0-acyl-CoA-specific fatty acid desaturases. C Co-expression of gELOVL6, MaOLE2, and CgKCS. YL-3CgK, the CgKCS overexpressing strain; YL-3CgKE, expression of gELOVL6 in YL-3CgK; YL-3CgKEM, expressing an additional copy of each of gELOVL6 and MaOLE2 in YL-3CgKE. D Determination of the distribution of nervonic acid in TAG by hydrolysis using a 1,3-specific lipase as well as TLC and GC-MS analysis. Cultivations were carried out for 144 h at 250 rpm and 28 °C in flasks. Data are mean ± s.d. from three replicates. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison test.