Fig. 5: The expression levels of key genes of the peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway were analysed by quantitative RT‒PCR analysis; the Y-axis indicates the relative expression level; the X-axis indicates different genes.

The bar graphs were generated using data from three distinct biological replicates, visualized as circles. The error bars indicate the standard deviation. a Low-temperature treatment group. The strain was cultured to the logarithmic growth phase at 27 °C and then cultured at 5 °C for 2 h (5–2), 4 h (5–4), 6 h (5–6), 8 h (5–8), and 10 h (5–10). b The high-temperature treatment group. The strain was cultured to the logarithmic growth phase at 27°C and then cultured at 37 °C for 2 h (37–2), 4 h (37-4), 6 h (37–6), 8 h (37–8), and 10 h (37–10). Significant difference (*p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01).