Fig. 6: Major coumarins, skimmin and apiosylskimmin, were metabolized into 7-HC by gut microbiota, and reduces the indole and p-cresol production ex vivo. | Communications Biology

Fig. 6: Major coumarins, skimmin and apiosylskimmin, were metabolized into 7-HC by gut microbiota, and reduces the indole and p-cresol production ex vivo.

From: Hydrangea paniculata coumarins attenuate experimental membranous nephritis by bidirectional interactions with the gut microbiota

Fig. 6

a Metabolism characteristics of apiosylskimmin in feces at different time points; (n = 3). b Metabolism characteristics of skimmin in feces at different time points; (n = 3). c Metabolism characteristics of apiosylskimmin in liver microsome at different time points; (n = 3). d Metabolism characteristics of skimmin in liver microsome at different time points; (n = 3). e HP reduces the production of indole and p-cresol in ex vivo feces; (n = 3). f 7-hydoxylcoumrin has the highest inhibitory effect on production of indole and p-cresol in ex vivo feces than skimmin and apiosylskimmin. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, tested by one-way ANOVA test. Bar graphs are means ± SD.

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