Fig. 3: Intrafamilial behaviors other than infant care are not grossly affected by the transient inhibition of the cMPOA.

Various behaviors observed in family observation (a–p) after the vehicle (Veh) or muscimol microinfusions at the optimal level (C100). A total of 54 assays (Kotaro and Hanako, and Ken-ichi and Hibari were observed simultaneously because they were littermates) were conducted using eight families. Each dot corresponds to the value from a single experiment. The means of each subject (diamonds) in each condition are connected by a line. The black horizontal lines show the mean values of each condition of all subjects. Asterisks denote statistical significance (GLMM, Veh; n = 33 observations of 15 subjects, C100; n = 27 observations of 15 subjects, ***p < 0.001, *p < 0.05, †p < 0.1). Among behaviors listed in Table 2, marking and object play are omitted because of low occurrence.