Table 1 Demographic information across all cohorts.

Discovery Cohorts

AUS

Number

30

42

16

21

Feng et al.⁴⁶.

Age^c

67.17 ± 10.61

68.12 ± 5.66

66.88 ± 11.82

64.95 ± 7.29

BMI^c

28.61 ± 1.99

30.06 ± 1.55

22.56 ± 2.05

22.6 ± 0.56

Gender^d

9/21

15/27

9/7

11/10

CHI

Number

25

10

48

44

Yu et al.³⁶.

Age^c

65.44 ± 9.89

60.4 ± 5.87

66.4 ± 11.14

62.07 ± 5.64

BMI^c

27.36 ± 1.70

28.07 ± 3.20

22.23 ± 2.15

22.42 ± 1.61

Gender^d

13/12

4/6

13/35

17/27

FRA

Number

54

32

35

32

Zeller et al.⁵⁹.

Age^c

67.22 ± 9.8

62.41 ± 7.76

66.42 ± 12.25

58.87 ± 14.24

BMI^c

29.02 ± 4.47

27.14 ± 2.42

21.76 ± 2.46

22.32 ± 1.63

Gender^d

10/17

14/15

13/11

18/12

GER

Number

12

27

10

33

Wirbel et al.²⁵.

Age^c

62.38 ± 11.88

56.03 ± 11.89

65.43 ± 14.02

55.91 ± 12.54

BMI^c

28.44 ± 2.64

27.59 ± 2.34

22 ± 2.38

22.61 ± 1.75

Gender^d

14/25

11/19

10/11

17/18

ITA

Number

14

12

14

10

Thomas et al.²⁶.

Age^c

69.21 ± 7.72

69 ± 7.1

73.43 ± 8.71

66.4 ± 6.75

BMI^c

28.79 ± 3.66

27.58 ± 3.00

22.64 ± 1.39

22.6 ± 1.65

Gender^d

2/12

5/7

4/10

4/6

Validation Cohorts

CHI_CQ

Number

28

18

70

77

Yang et al.⁶⁰.

Age^c

57.29 ± 11.41

45.06 ± 11.2

54.17 ± 10.79

42.43 ± 10.37

BMI^c

27.02 ± 1.44

25.86 ± 0.88

21.99 ± 1.86

22.41 ± 1.37

Gender^d

8/20

9/9

22/48

37/40

CHI_SH

Number

24

18

56

68

Liu et al.²⁸.

Age^c

58.5 ± 8.37

60.17 ± 7.49

58.48 ± 10.71

58.18 ± 8.77

BMI^c

27.45 ± 1.84

27.29 ± 1.96

22.05 ± 2.07

21.89 ± 1.96

Gender^d

10/14

7/11

22/34

27/41

USA

Number

22

20

27

32

Vogtmann et al.⁶¹.

Age^c

61.5±8.14

61.6±10.03

60.52±16.69

61±11.76

BMI^c

28.57±3.17

29.6±3.59

21.89±2.09

22.68±1.80

Gender^d

7/15

7/13

6/21

8/24