Fig. 5: Ultrasound images of the 8 W and 12 W surgical lateral target muscles of the infraspinatus muscle.

a1 Conventional ultrasound measures the muscle dimension of the largest cross-sectional area of the infraspinatus muscle, with the white dashed line showing the region of interest (ROI). a2 Shear wave elastography (SWE) image of infraspinatus muscle, ROI diameter = 5 mm. Statistical analysis was performed by calculating the maximum diameter cross-sectional area (b, c) and shear wave velocity value (d, e) of the target muscles (Each group, n = 4). f Comparison of 8 W to 12 W dynamic target muscle recovery in each treatment group (Each group, n = 4). n.s. P > 0.05, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. All the error bars above denote standard deviation. Statistical methods, One-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s multiple-comparison test in (b–e) and two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test in (f).