Table 2 Gender-specific metabolites identified in exhaled breath

Chemical formula	Putative identity	Expression ratio (fold change)	Gender-specific distribution
Chemical formula	Putative identity	Expression ratio (fold change)	Herein obtained results	According to literature
C₁₄H₁₈N₂O₆	gamma-Glutamyltyrosine	0.66	Male > Female	Male > Female²⁸
C₅H₉NO₂	l-Proline	0.86	Male > Female	Male > Female³¹
C₉H₁₁NO₃	l-Tyrosine	0.84	Male > Female	Male > Female³¹
C₄H₆O₅	Malate	0.81	Male > Female	Male > Female²⁸
C₅H₁₂N₂O₂	l-Ornithine	0.76	Male > Female	Male > Female³¹
C₅H₄N₄O₃	Uric acid	0.66	Male > Female	Male > Female²⁸
C₃H₇NO₃	d-Serine	1.27	Female > Male	Female > Male³¹
C₅H₄N₄O	Hypoxanthine	1.93	Female > Male	Female > Male²⁸
C₆H₈O₆	Ascorbic acid	0.74	Male > Female	Female > Male²⁸
C₁₄H₂₆O₂	Myristoleic acid	0.81	Male > Female	Female > Male²⁸
C₄₀H₈₀NO₇P	PC(P-18:0/14:0)	0.62	Male > Female	Female > Male³¹
C₄H₈O₅	Threonic acid	0.54	Male > Female	Female > Male²⁸
C₆H₁₂O₅	1,5-Anhydrosorbitol	1.19	Female > Male	Male > Female²⁸
C₁₇H₃₁NO₄	9-Decenoylcarnitine	1.31	Female > Male	Male > Female³¹
C₁₁H₁₂N₂O₂	l-Tryptophan	1.35	Female > Male	Male > Female³¹
C₅H₁₁NO₂S	l-Methionine	2.89	Female > Male	Male > Female³¹
C₂₈H₅₀NO₇P	LysoPC(20:4/0:0)	1.74	Female > Male	Male > Female³¹
C₁₆H₃₁NO₄	Nonanoylcarnitine	1.23	Female > Male	Male > Female³¹
C₁₀H₁₉NO₄	Propionylcarnitine	1.22	Female > Male	Male > Female³¹

These metabolites have been described in previous literature for other bio-fluids such as blood and urine (HMDB gender database). This table provides the gender-specific distribution of these metabolites indicating the consistency of the respective obtained distribution with the pattern observed in published literature.

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