Fig. 2: Suppression of population activities of BNST GABAergic neurons by isoflurane.

a Experimental setup for fiber photometry recording combined with EEG-EMG recordings during isoflurane-induced general anesthesia. Iso: isoflurane. b Timeline of the experiment and example showing EEG power spectrum, raw EEG-EMG signals and Ca²⁺ signals. Freq.: frequency. c Left: Time courses of average Ca²⁺ activity expressed as mean (red for 1.4% isoflurane and blue for pure oxygen) ±SEM (shaded). Right: Quantification of Ca²⁺ activity change pre, during, and post isoflurane inhalation. n = 6 mice in each group. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical comparisons were determined using one-way RMs ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test. ***P < 0.001.