Table 2 Global genetic correlation between type 2 diabetes and gastrointestinal disorders

T2D	GI disorders	Rg	Se	P
T2D (Mahajan 2018)	PUD (Wu et al.⁴³)	0.29	0.04	2.03E−11
	GERD (UKB_QSKIN)	0.36	0.02	3.02E−59
	Gastritis-duodenitis (PheCode_535)	0.32	0.04	2.75E−17
	IBS-GWAS (Wu et al.⁴³)	0.13	0.04	1.24E−03
	Diverticular disease (PheCode 562)	0.19	0.03	7.13E−12
	IBD (Wu et al.⁴³)	0.06	0.04	1.10E−01
	PGM (Wu et al.⁴³)	0.37	0.02	3.12E−57
	Replication for GI disorders
	PUD (PheCode_531)	0.42	0.07	3.34E−10
	GORD (Wu et al.⁴³)	0.31	0.03	1.12E−29
	Gastritis-duodenitis (Watanabe et al.)	0.23	0.06	4.08E−05
	IBS (PheCode 564.1)	0.2	0.05	1.06E−04
	Diverticular disease (K57-diagnosed)	0.12	0.03	1.79E−04
	IBD (Watanabe et al.)	−0.05	0.03	9.32E−02
	Lansoprazole (Watanabe et al.)	0.38	0.05	3.16E−14
Replication for T2D
T2D (UKB)	PUD (Wu et al.⁴³)	0.44	0.06	2.03E−13
	GERD (GERD: UKB_QSKIN)	0.47	0.03	1.91E−54
	Gastritis-duodenitis (PheCode 535)	0.47	0.05	6.56E−23
	IBS-GWAS (Wu et al.⁴³)	0.16	0.05	3.44E−03
	Diverticular disease (PheCode_562)	0.25	0.03	1.65E−14
	IBD (Wu et al.⁴³)	0.07	0.05	1.87E−01
	PGM (Wu et al.⁴³)	0.48	0.03	3.86E−54
	Replication for GI disorders
	PUD (PheCode_531)	0.58	0.09	1.00E−10
	GORD (Wu et al.⁴³)	0.4	0.04	2.02E−27
	Gastritis-duodenitis (Watanabe et al.)	0.35	0.07	2.88E−06
	IBS (PheCode 564.1)	0.28	0.07	6.47E−05
	Diverticular disease (K57-diagnosed)	0.15	0.04	1.91E−04
	IBD (Watanabe et al.)	−0.02	0.04	6.89E−01
	Lansoprazole (Watanabe et al.)	0.52	0.07	5.62E−14

T2D type 2 diabetes, GI gastrointestinal, GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease, PUD peptic ulcer disease, IBS irritable bowel syndrome, IBD inflammatory bowel disease, PGM phenotype combining PUD and GERD and/or corresponding medications/treatments, rg global genetic correlation estimates, se standard error, P p-value, UKB United Kingdom Biobank. Note: replication set data may not be completely independent; hence, replication may be considered partial.

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