Fig. 2: Ten parallel evolving populations of K. lactis were studied to explore different patterns of multicellular evolution dynamics.

For example, in population Y1, two multicellular genotypes coexisted while only a single snowflake genotype was observed in Y2. In Y7, an early-evolving genotype was subsequently replaced by a later one. Solid line: ACE2 mutants, dashed line: AIM44 mutants. Refer to the Supplementary Table 1 for the values of genotype frequencies.