Fig. 1: Diagram of the experimental setup in this study.
The kINPen® IND was used in this study to produce cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) which generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). Argon gas was used as vector gas and the flow rate for CAP generation was 4.2 standard liter per minute (slm). One milliliter of buffer (indirect treatment) or bacterial suspension (direct treatment) was put in the glass beaker and placed under the plasma plume for the indicated treatment time. Milli-Q-H2O was added continuously to compensate for water evaporation. The distance from the end of the capillary to the bottom edge of the glass beaker was 2 cm (as indicated above).
