Fig. 3: Membrane packing is altered by CAP.

Membrane packing is determined with (a) Laurdan and b di-4 ANEPPDHQ in E. coli and S. simulans after direct CAP treatment in PBS at pH = 7.4 (red circles) and pH = 4.5 (blue squares). The generalized polarization (GP) values were calculated from two independent experiments in triplicates. Values are the mean ± SD (n ≥ 6). One-way ANOVA analysis was used to compare the difference between CAP-treated samples towards corresponding negative controls (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).