Fig. 1: Variation in composition and relative abundance of 5188 tree species in 2023 forest-inventory plots (1 ha) across Amazonian forests. | Communications Biology

Fig. 1: Variation in composition and relative abundance of 5188 tree species in 2023 forest-inventory plots (1 ha) across Amazonian forests.

From: The biogeography of the Amazonian tree flora

Fig. 1

Ordination biplots showing the two first principal components with inventory plots coloured by (a) ecological forest categories based on hydrology and soil characteristics and (b) geographic regions. a Ecological categories: VA, Várzea forests; SW, swamp forests; IG, igapó forests; PZ, white-sand (podzol) forests; TFGS, terra-firme on the Guiana Shield; TFBS terra-firme on the Brazilian Shield, TFPB terra-firme on the Pebas sedimentary basin. b Geographical regions: CA Central Amazonia, EA Eastern Amazonia, SA Southern Amazonia, GS Guiana Shield, NWA Northwestern Amazonia, SWA Southwestern Amazonia. Arrows indicate vectors constructed with envfit()81 for 14 environmental predictors: Flooded flooding vs. non-flooding terrains, WTD water table depth, Temp_avg average annual temperature, MCWD maximum climatological water deficit), Annal_ppt Annual Rainfall, Podzol White Sand vs. Clay-Silt terrains, ALOS_MTPI Multiscale Topographic Position Index, TopoDiver Topographic Diversity Index, Ppt_sea precipitation seasonality, ALOS_3D elevation, Temp_range temperature range, Temp_seas temperature seasonality, pH soil pH, SB soil sum of bases.

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