Fig. 5: Mitochondria in INS-1 cells exhibited distinct morphologies under different chemical perturbations.

a Representative fluorescence images of mitochondria in INS-1 cells labeled with TMRM in the presence of oligomycin, FCCP, and rotenone at a concentration of 10 μM. b Masked images of mitochondria in images (a). Binary images were first obtained using FIJI software and then mapped with different colors corresponding to their areas. c Histograms showing the distribution of area and ellipticity for separated mitochondrial components in an individual cell under different glucose concentrations. The data were acquired from cells in the images shown in (b). d Box plots of the 2D image analysis of mitochondria in INS-1 cells under different chemical conditions. N = 41, 43, 40, and 53 for the control, FCCP, oligomycin and rotenone groups, respectively. The lower and upper bounds of the box are the first and third quartiles of the data, and the median is the line inside the box. The lower and upper whiskers represent the smallest and largest data points within 1.5 times the interquartile range from the first quartile and third quartile, respectively. All morphological indicator data were obtained using the image analysis pipeline in “Materials and Methods” section. Statistical significance was determined using Welch’s t test.