Fig. 8: In silico ODE model response to glucose stimulation in the baseline and diabetic models. | Communications Biology

Fig. 8: In silico ODE model response to glucose stimulation in the baseline and diabetic models.

From: Metabolic regulation of mitochondrial morphologies in pancreatic beta cells: coupling of bioenergetics and mitochondrial dynamics

Fig. 8: In silico ODE model response to glucose stimulation in the baseline and diabetic models.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Panels (a)–(i): the (a) oxygen consumption rate (in μM/s), (b) pyruvate (in μM), (c) cytosolic NADH (in μM), (d) mitochondrial NADH (in μM), (e) cytosolic calcium (in μM), (f) mitochondrial calcium (in μM), (g) ATP-to-ADP ratio, (h) mitochondrial membrane potential (in mV), and (i) average degree of mitochondrial nodes are compared following the sequential addition of glucose and chemical reagents in the baseline and diabetic models. Initially, the glucose concentration is at a baseline of 5 mM. At t = 20 min, the glucose concentration is increased to 20 mM. At t = 40 min, ATP synthase activity is decreased by 90% to simulate the blockade of ATP synthase by oligomycin. At t = 60 min, the ETC capacity was decreased by 90% to simulate rotenone/antimycin A blocking respiratory complexes. The actions are indicated by arrows in the first panel (a) only. Panels (j)–(r): Steady-state values of (j) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, G3P (in μM), (k) pyruvate (in μM), (l) cytosolic NADH:NAD ratio, (m) mitochondrial NADH:NAD ratio, (n) cytosolic calcium (in μM), (o) mitochondrial calcium (in μM), (p) mitochondrial membrane potential (in mV), (q) ATP-to-ADP ratio, and (r) average degree of mitochondrial nodes are compared between baseline and diabetic models under different glucose concentrations. The relative glucose concentration of 5 mM is presented as 1X.

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