Fig. 3: Effects of metabolic engineering for increased cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA via citrate on pleuromutilin production.

a The pathway to synthesise cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA from pyruvate via citrate with the enzymes catalysing each reaction and a citrate exporter CEX. The processes with the proteins indicated as blue box were blocked by gene deletion, and that with the protein indicated as orange box were potentiated by gene overexpression. Pleuromutilin production (b) and extracellular/intracellular mevalonate amount (c) in the indicated strains. The strains were cultured in MPY liquid medium at 30 °C for 5 days. Data are shown as means ± standard deviation (S.D.) with dot plot indicating each data of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 by Student’s t-test compared to the WT strain.