Fig. 6: Effects of metabolic engineering on aphidicolin and ophiobolin C production.

Scheme for generating the versatile highly-producing host ME007 for terpene production from the wild-type strain RIB40. The ME001 strain was generated from RIB40 via three modifications, and pleuromutilin biosynthetic genes and ten further modifications were introduced. Finally, pleuromutilin biosynthetic genes were removed, yielding the ME007 strain. Aphidicolin (b) and ophiobolin C (c) production in the indicated strains. “Δ” indicates deletion of adh and AocexA, “O/E” in HMGR indicates overexpression of tAohmg1, AO217, and tAO217, and the other “O/E” indicates overexpression of the corresponding genes. Data are shown as means ± standard deviation (S.D.) with dot plots indicating the data from three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 by Student’s t-test compared to the control strain.