Fig. 4: Axes of genetic variation and allelic heterogeneity due to environmental factors across twelve sex-stratified African cohorts. | Communications Biology

Fig. 4: Axes of genetic variation and allelic heterogeneity due to environmental factors across twelve sex-stratified African cohorts.

From: Accounting for heterogeneity due to environmental sources in meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies

Fig. 4

a Axes of genetic variation: axes of genetic variation showing separation into three distinct clusters representing cohorts from West Africa (West_M & West_F), East Africa (East_M & East_F and Uganda_M & Uganda_F), and South Africa (South_M & South_F, controls for Zulu_M & Zulu_F and cases for Zulu_M and Zulu_F). b heterogeneity due to sex with the female cohorts (for Zulu_cases, South, Uganda and East) exhibiting greater effect sizes for rs12740374 than males. c heterogeneity due to urban status with effect size for rs3735018 increasing towards urban residents’ cohorts. In (b) and (c) 95% confidence intervals are provided as error bars for each effect estimate. Source data for b and c are available in Supplementary Data 1.3.

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