Fig. 1: Development success and sex-ratio of mosquitoes exposed to B vitamins during larval development.

A Proportion of individuals completing their development (dark grey), blocked at the larval stage (white), or dying during development (light grey) when initially reared with the auxotrophic E. coli strain (AUX), reversibly colonized at the beginning of the third instar and kept thereafter in germ-free conditions (GF) or supplemented with a 4× (VIT4×) or 8× (VIT8×) B vitamin solution. Bar charts represent the mean ± SEM of three independent replicates (individual points). B Proportion of male adult mosquitoes emerging from the larvae treated in (A). Numbers below graphs indicate the number of mosquitoes analysed per replicate and condition. See Supplementary Data 2 for detailed statistical information.