Fig. 1: Treg express a functional IL-15 receptor alpha chain (CD215) and proliferate in response to a combination of IL-7 and IL-15.

A Representative FACS plot showing the expression of CD215 in gated Treg (CD4+CD25brightCD127low) and Tconv (CD4+CD25lowCD127high) from a PBMC sample. The graph (right panel) shows the mean florescence intensity (MFI) of CD215 in Treg and Tconv classified as naïve and memory subsets (n = 4). B Representative FACS plot of phosphorylated STAT-5 after 1 min of incubation of Treg and Tconv with 10 ng/ml of rhIL-15. The graph (right panel) shows the MFI of phospho-STAT-5 in Treg and Tconv divided into naïve and memory subsets after incubation with IL-15 (n = 4). C Fold expansion of StM-Treg and IL-7/15M-Treg. D Final cell yield of StM-Treg and IL-7/15M-Treg. E Viability measured as trypan blue exclusion of StM-Treg and IL-7/15M-Treg. F Percentage of annexin V+ cells after apoptosis induction with an agonistic anti fas antibody in StM-Treg and IL-7/15M-Treg. G Changes in the number of viable cells after first expansion, contraction due to withdrawal of cytokines and microbeads, and secondary expansion of residual cell. H Percentage of suppression of proliferation of CD8+ (upper panel) and CD4+ (lower panel) allogenic T cells at different Treg/Tcell ratios. The Wilcoxon matched paired t-test with the Dunn–Bonferroni post hoc test was used for comparisons. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ns, P > 0.05.