Fig. 4: Evolutionary history and KEGG enrichment analysis of V.vulnificus strains carrying T6SS1.

A Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree of 128 T6SS1-positive strains and 402 T6SS1-negative strains. Branches representing T6SS1-positive strains are highlighted in blue. Adjacent tracks display metadata, including host organism, collection year, and geographical region. B Comparison of GIs carried by V. vulnificus in T6SS1-positive (n = 128) and T6SS1-negative (n = 402) groups. C KEGG enrichment analysis of differentially representative genes conducted on 193 V. vulnificus strains in Lineage L2, with absolute gene counts displayed. A significance threshold of P < 0.05 was applied. D Global epidemic trends of T6SS1-positive strains over time.The heatmap in (A) illustrates the presence of GIs in strain CNVV120 across global V. vulnificus isolates.