Fig. 9: Causal associations between genetic regulators for cytokines, circulating cytokine levels, and disease risk. | Communications Biology

Fig. 9: Causal associations between genetic regulators for cytokines, circulating cytokine levels, and disease risk.

From: The genomic architecture of circulating cytokine levels points to drug targets for immune-related diseases

Fig. 9: Causal associations between genetic regulators for cytokines, circulating cytokine levels, and disease risk.

a Genetically proxied mRNA for PPP1R37, PVR, RTN2, and IGFBP2 affect circulating G-CSF/CSF-3 levels leading to increased risk for asthma. In turn, PPP1R37 directly lowers disease risk for asthma. Created in BioRender. User1, L. (2025) https://BioRender.com/r76a901. b Genetically proxied mRNA for 11 genes underlying CXCL9/MIG levels differentially affect circulating cytokine concentrations which influence the risk for Crohn’s disease. Independently, TRAFD1, ATF6B, and C4A also modulate disease risk for Crohn’s disease. Created in BioRender. User1, L. (2025) https://BioRender.com/r76a901.

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